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不同膜上遮挡措施对旱地玉米土壤理化性状及产(5)
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摘要:卜玉山等[27]研究认为, 覆盖的主要目的是增温时, 应选择地膜, 主要目的是保水时, 秸秆效果更好。在西北雨养旱作区, 玉米生长季节光热资源丰富, 地膜的
卜玉山等[27]研究认为, 覆盖的主要目的是增温时, 应选择地膜, 主要目的是保水时, 秸秆效果更好。在西北雨养旱作区, 玉米生长季节光热资源丰富, 地膜的主要作用是保水, 但由于地膜具有的增温效果影响, 往往导致玉米后期发生早衰。通过适当的地膜降温措施改变土壤温度, 能够影响土壤的各种理化性状, 促进玉米生长及产量形成。就不同年份的影响程度来看, 2018年的影响程度明显高于2019年, 从2年的气象资料对比可以看出, 2019年玉米生长期降雨量明显高于 2018年, 平均气温较2018年低, 这就使得普通地膜覆盖的增温效果弱化。这进一步佐证了降温措施对地膜玉米的积极效应, 尤其是在高温干旱年份, 效果可能更加显著。
4 结论
在地膜玉米的整个生育期, 采用适当的膜上遮盖降温措施可以显著降低地膜玉米的土壤温度和紧实度, 增加玉米生长后期土壤有机质与全氮、全钾含量, 提高地膜玉米的水分利用效率和肥料偏生产力。膜上遮挡降温处理能够促进玉米籽粒灌浆期的干物质积累, 显著提高玉米千粒重和籽粒产量。在光热资源丰富的西北雨养旱作区, 适当降低地膜温度有助于提高玉米产量及水肥利用效率。
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文章来源:《玉米科学》 网址: http://www.ymkxzz.cn/qikandaodu/2021/0118/673.html
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